The possibility of quasi-stable trapping of charged particles of hundreds keV to MeV energy on the frontside Earth magnetosphere is explored in by numerical modeling of the single particle orbits in the geomagnetic field utilizing empirical Tsyganenko magnetic field model. Due to solar wind pressure the remote magnetic field lines on the frontside of the magnetosphere exhibit two minima in the geomagnetic field strength along the field line in high latitudes on the both sides of the equator. These minima may result in stable confinement structures, a kind of radiation belts, in the northern or/and the southern hemispheres, providing energetic particle trapping for times from several minutes to duration of seasonal scale. Simulation of energetic proton orbits passing through the regions of the magnetic field minima with different disturbance level and the Earth's tilt reveals conditions in which these trapped radiation zones could result. It is shown that the existence of the adiabatic confinement zones strongly depends on the seasonal inclination of the Earth's rotation axis. As a result the northern cusp confinement zone appears only in a summer solstice and similarly the southern cusp capture zone appears only in a winter solstice. In equinox time the confinement zones exist in both hemispheres in the disturbed magnetospheric conditions, however, they are less pronounced. The zones are essentially restricted to the sunlit magnetosphere. They form a kind of cusp radiation ring/belt, where a proton drifts with a period of several minutes, conserving its 1st and the 2nd adiabatic invariants. The latitudinal width of the ring is very thin, about 2-5 latitudinal degrees. The proton orbits passing through the off-equatorial field minimum opposite to those cusp belts reveal another interesting effect: a bound of the geomagnetic equatorial plane on the day sector. These and other features of the confinement zones in the two minima off-equatorial magnetic field regions are discussed.

A secondary proton radiation belt can be observed in the equatorial region between the upper atmosphere and the interior edge of the main radiation belt. It is thought that the protons appear there in a result of ionization of energetic neutral hydrogen atoms coming from the internal area of the traditional radiation belt where they were born in charge exchange collisions of the trapped protons with the cold hydrogen of the gecorona. The process of formation of this secondary belt is numerically simulated in this paper assuming this charge exchange-re-ionization mechanism. Standard models of the trapped radiation, of the atmosphere and geocorona were used to simulate the source and the exospheric media. Experimental data were used for charge transfer cross sections. Result of simulation agrees very good with the experimental observation.

The ratio of positron/electron fluxes originated in nuclear spallation reactions in the Earth's magnetosphere is considered. It is supposed that positrons as well as electrons are produced in the decay of charged pions (pi±<FONT FACE=Symbol>® m</FONT>± ->e±) born in nuclear collisions of trapped relativistic inner zone protons with the residual atmosphere. These positrons and electrons are captured in the magnetosphere and create positron and electron radiation belts of nuclear origin. The positron/electron trapped magnetospheric fluxes formed with this mechanism are simulated and the resulting computed e+/e- flux ratio ~ 4 appears in agreement with the recent observations. This ratio is significantly different from the ratio ~1 obtained from the primary cosmic ray source through the same mechanism.